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A TORCH test, also known as the TORCH IgM IgG test, is performed to detect the presence of specific types of infections in pregnant women. These infections can also spread to the fetus from the mother, making the early detection and treatment of these infections crucial to avoid any complications for the newborn. The full form of Torch test is toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex, and HIV. Torch IgG and IgM is performed as part of a series of blood work to check for infections that could spread to an unborn baby or may have already infected the child. Detecting and treating these infections early helps avoid serious health problems for newborns. An affordably priced TORCH test can be booked online easily from Max Lab.
A TORCH profile test is done to detect TORCH infections in pregnant women. The TORCH infection is a group of infections that can pass from the mother to the fetus or newborn baby during pregnancy. Since babies have weak immune systems, these infections can cause complications in the pregnancy and can even prevent babies' organs from developing. A TORCH profile test covers a list of infections. The term TORCH is an acronym that stands for:
The TORCH panel test detects the antibodies of the infections in the blood. Antibodies are the proteins that recognise and protect the body from unwanted substances such as bacteria and viruses. There are mainly two antibodies that this test detects, which include:
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies: The presence of IgG antibodies during the TORCH test indicates that someone had an infection in the past and is now fit.
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies: The IgM antibodies indicate that someone has an infection.
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FAQs
A TORCH test, also known as the TORCH IgM IgG test, is performed to detect the presence of specific types of infections in pregnant women. These infections can also spread to the fetus from the mother, making the early detection and treatment of these infections crucial to avoid any complications for the newborn. The full form of Torch test is toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex, and HIV. Torch IgG and IgM is performed as part of a series of blood work to check for infections that could spread to an unborn baby or may have already infected the child. Detecting and treating these infections early helps avoid serious health problems for newborns. An affordably priced TORCH test can be booked online easily from Max Lab.
A TORCH profile test is done to detect TORCH infections in pregnant women. The TORCH infection is a group of infections that can pass from the mother to the fetus or newborn baby during pregnancy. Since babies have weak immune systems, these infections can cause complications in the pregnancy and can even prevent babies' organs from developing. A TORCH profile test covers a list of infections. The term TORCH is an acronym that stands for:
The TORCH panel test detects the antibodies of the infections in the blood. Antibodies are the proteins that recognise and protect the body from unwanted substances such as bacteria and viruses. There are mainly two antibodies that this test detects, which include:
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies: The presence of IgG antibodies during the TORCH test indicates that someone had an infection in the past and is now fit.
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies: The IgM antibodies indicate that someone has an infection.
....Read MoreA TORCH test, also known as the TORCH IgM IgG test, is performed to detect the presence of specific types of infections in pregnant women. The Torch Panel test (also called the Torch IgG & IgM Test) works by checking the blood for two types of antibodies. If IgG antibodies show up, it means the mother had an infection at some point in the past. However, if IgM antibodies are detected, it indicates a current or very recent infection that requires immediate attention.
The TORCH blood test provides doctors with vital information to protect both mother and baby from preventable health risks. Early detection through the Torch Test for females enables timely treatment, which can make a significant difference in a child's development.
A doctor usually prescribes a TORCH test in the following situations, which helps identify dangerous infections early.
Let’s understand this in detail.
Pregnancy Checkups - Many doctors include it in routine prenatal screenings to check for infections that could harm the unborn baby. It helps detect active or recent infections that may risk the fetus.
Suspected Infections - If a pregnant woman shows symptoms like fever, rash, or fatigue, the test helps confirm whether a TORCH infection is the cause.
High-Risk Exposure - Women exposed to infections (like toxoplasmosis or rubella) may need testing to determine if they could pass the disease to their baby. For example, hearing loss is a common consequence, particularly with congenital CMV and rubella. In babies, it can be present at birth or develop later. Even years after birth, the child may experience hearing loss.
Previous Pregnancy Complications - Those with a history of miscarriages, stillbirths, or other pregnancy issues may be tested to rule out recurring infections.
Pre-Pregnancy Planning - TORCH infections may present as nonspecific flu-like symptoms like fever, fatigue, and malaise during or after infection. Some doctors recommend the test before conception to assess infection risks and guide safe pregnancy planning.
Some common symptoms a woman and their baby can have due to TORCH infections are:
If not detected on time or untreated, these infections can cause severe birth defects, growth complications, and lifelong health challenges for babies.
No special preparation is typically needed before getting a TORCH test. However, one should inform the doctor about any medications currently taken, especially if they were prescribed to treat an existing condition. In some cases, the doctor might advise dietary restrictions or other instructions, but they will let the person know beforehand if any adjustments are necessary.
During the first visit to an Obstetrician, pregnant women generally undergo this test. An Obstetrician or healthcare provider suspects any infection, they may suggest a TORCH test. The TORCH test involves collecting a blood sample from the expectant mother. A medical professional, OR a phlebotomist, collects a blood sample by inserting a sterile needle into a vein in the arm. The blood is then placed into a vial for laboratory testing. This process is not so long and is completed in about five to six minutes.
Once collected, the blood is sent to a lab, where specialised testing methods detect specific antibodies or markers related to TORCH infections.
Factors like age, previous medical history, medications and many other things may vary the result of the TORCH test. Depending on the occurrence of IgG and IgM antibodies in the blood sample, the result can be either positive or negative. If the antibodies are present, it may indicate a current or new infection in he infant. Below are the results of the TORCH panel test:
IgG Antibodies:
The blood sample will be analysed in a lab, with results typically available in a few days. Elevated IgG levels may suggest: -
Low IgG levels indicate a weakened immune system, possibly due to: -
IgM Antibodies:
High Levels suggest a current infection (viral, bacterial, or parasitic) or autoimmune activity. Potential causes include: -
TORCH test normal report levels generally mean no active infection is present.
Low Levels may signal: -
Next Steps
Lab results alone don’t always diagnose conditions; always review them with the doctor, who will consider symptoms and medical history for accurate interpretation.
An elevated IgG level is usually related to a current or recent infection or after vaccination. Further, in many cases, it can be seen in chronic active infection or inflammation, or association with plasma cell disorders. This growth is a common immune response, indicating that the body is actively fighting an infection or has formed long-term immunity through vaccination. In many cases, IgG antibodies can remain at high levels even after the infection is resolved, and in some cases, they can remain in the bloodstream for several months or years.
Causes of an elevated IgG include: -
In patients, the high level of IGM is commonly associated with a series of conditions such as infection, autoimmune disorder and inflammatory disease. In individuals with hyper-IgM syndrome, a COVID-19 infection can temporarily increase serum IGG and IGA levels. In addition, patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome have shown elevated IGM levels, suggesting that IGM may have a possible value in predicting clinical results. Causes of an elevated IgM level include:
The TORCH panel test screens for five key infections that can harm unborn babies:
Toxoplasmosis - A parasite infection spread through cat faeces. Untreated, it may cause blindness, deafness, or developmental delays in babies.
Others (Syphilis) - This sexually transmitted infection can lead to stillbirth, birth defects, or hearing loss if passed to the baby.
Rubella (German Measles) - A contagious viral infection that may cause miscarriage, stillbirth, or vision/hearing problems in newborns. Vaccines have reduced their prevalence.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) - Spread through bodily fluids, CMV can affect a baby’s hearing, vision, and cognitive development long-term.
Herpes Simplex (HSV) - Transmitted during delivery, HSV may cause preterm birth, brain damage, or organ issues in newborns.
Some tests also screen for: -
Early detection helps prevent complications, making the TORCH test vital for high-risk pregnancies.
A balanced diet is the best way to fight against chronic illnesses like diabetes and heart disease. Nutrient-rich foods strengthen immunity and overall wellness:
A few modifications in lifestyle matter too: -
Torch Test Normal Range is
Normal Range For | Parameter | Normal Ranges |
Torch Test Normal Range | Toxo IgG | <1.0 |
Rubella IgG | <10.0 | |
CMV IgG | <0.50 | |
HSV IgG Index | <0.90 | |
Toxo IgM | <0.80 | |
Rubell IgM | <0.80 | |
CMV IgM COI | <0.70 | |
HSV IgM Index | < 0.90 |
A TORCH test helps identify infections that could affect pregnancy, potentially leading to complications such as miscarriage, preterm birth, or stillbirth. Screening for these infections allows for timely treatment, reducing the chances of adverse outcomes.
A TORCH test after a miscarriage can help determine whether an infection contributed to the pregnancy loss. If the test detects harmful pathogens, doctors can recommend appropriate treatment to prevent future complications before attempting another pregnancy.
The TORCH test analyses a blood sample for IgG or IgM antibodies. A positive result of TORCH IgG means either:
The difference between IgM and IgG is that IgG antibodies are developed later and stay in the bloodstream for a long period, indicating previous infection. On the other hand, IgM antibodies function as the first type of antibody to an infection
Yes, if TORCH infections are detected early, they can often be managed or treated using appropriate antimalarial, antibiotic, or antiviral medications. Timely intervention can significantly reduce the risk of complications for both the mother and the baby.
The TORCH panel screens for infections, including toxoplasmosis, Others (such as syphilis and hepatitis B), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes Simplex, that may harm a developing foetus. Early detection helps prevent complications such as birth defects, miscarriage, or developmental issues during pregnancy
Yes, it is. Maintaining good hygiene, protected intercourse, not eating raw or undercooked meat, and getting vaccinations on time are some of the ways to prevent infections like Rubella.
In many cases, the chances are high of getting re-infected with certain TORCH infections, especially for individuals with low immune systems. Because in a weak immune system, the body's ability to combat infections and diseases is reduced.
TORCH infections can cause severe complications in pregnancy, such as: -
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